How Car Lease Payments Are Calculated

The Basics: How Leases Work

In general terms, lease payments start with the total value of the vehicle you want, called the Selling Price. By the end of your lease, the car will have what is known as the Residual Value, which represents how much the vehicle can be re-sold for by the dealership when you return it to them. How much you wind up paying for the vehicle is mainly determined by how much the car loses in value over the lease term, called Depreciation.

At this point, other factors can raise or lower your lease payments accordingly. Below we will discuss all the main factors.

Selling Price vs. MSRP

The Selling Price of the vehicle comes from the usual negotiations you have with a dealership when buying a car to determine how much you would buy it for. They usually involve the following:

• Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) – used as the opening mark for negotiations with the dealer, but it is NOT the same as the Selling Price
• Discounts – any incentives, rebates or bonuses reduce the price
• Negotiations – negotiating with the dealer can further reduce the price

This helps determine the vehicle's final Selling Price before tax is included. It is generally used as the foundation for the other factors below.

What is Residual Value & Depreciation?

The Residual Value and the Depreciation of the vehicle are closely tied together. Before you sign the lease, the leasing company determines both using historical data for that make and model and future projections. The Residual Value represents how much the car is worth at the end of the lease, and the Depreciation represents how much value the vehicle lost by the time the lease ends. Here is a basic rundown of how they work to determine your lease payments:

• The Selling Price of a vehicle you want to lease is $30,000
• By the end of a 3-year lease, the car is now worth $17,000 – this is the Residual Value
• The Selling Price ($30,000) minus the Residual Value ($17,000) leaves $13,000 – this is the Depreciation
• Your lease payments are mainly to cover the $13,000 in Depreciation every month over the term of the lease

It is essential to remember that the Residual Value and Depreciation are determined before you lease the vehicle, not after the lease is over. They are both set using historical data from previous versions of the same model and forecasting future trends. Other factors considered include reliability, the cost and frequency of repairs and parts, fuel economy, size, condition, mileage, consumer trends in desirability, etc.

Can I Make a Down Payment or Trade-In My Old Vehicle?

Some leasing companies will ask you to make a down payment towards the lease, lowering your lease payments. The bigger the down payment, the lower your monthly payments will be. However, this does not necessarily save you money in the long run. Usually, a down payment is divided by the number of months in the lease, which lowers the monthly payments by around that amount.

It can be a viable option if you have the money upfront and want to get that much out of the way for the future. However, the down payment is still taxable, so check how that affects the monthly payments to see if it saves or costs you any money. Whether you prefer to make a down payment depends on your preferences and circumstances.

Alternatively, if you already own a car you want to sell, you can trade it to the dealer. It acts similar to a down payment but uses your old vehicle’s value instead of the cash you have to have saved up. You can then use the trade-in value to reduce the taxable leased amount you must pay, reducing your monthly payment. This only works for your vehicle, as you cannot trade in leased cars.

Does the Length of My Lease Matter?

Leases usually are between three and four years (36 to 48 months) long but can be as short as two years and as long as five. How long of a lease you choose will affect your monthly lease payments; generally speaking, the longer the lease, the lower your monthly payments. Here are the main things to consider when it comes to longer leases:

• Your payments can be spread out over more months
• Your vehicle will depreciate more over time, so you aren’t just spreading the same total amount over more time
• Cars depreciate at the  highest rate in the first year of ownership, so the extra depreciation you would pay for additional years would not be as significant

You can look up depreciation and lease calculators for models you are interested in to see whether a longer lease would be better, but don’t sign a lease until you are sure it makes sense for you.

How Does The Kilometers Limit Affect My Payments?

Leases generally limit how much you can drive the leased vehicle per year, with additional payments as penalties if you surpass it. This is because the amount driven affects Depreciation, so more kilometres on the odometer will cause it to be worthless. Since the Depreciation for the leased vehicle is set at the start to determine your payments, it will be based on a forecasted amount driven over the lease term.

For someone who lives in Toronto and doesn’t drive much outside the city, staying below this limit should not be difficult. But those who live in suburban areas like Mississauga or more rural areas and need to use their car for greater distances, they are more likely to surpass the limit number.

How Does a Security Deposit for My Lease Work?

Most leases require you to make a security deposit that is usually around the worth of one month’s lease payment. You effectively pay down one month’s payment in advance that the leasing company will use in case you fail to make a payment or against damage caused to the car. But don’t worry, you get the security deposit back at the end of the lease, as long as the car is in good condition.

Summary

Other factors that determine your lease payments, such as taxes and interest rate. They vary greatly depending on the person and where they are located, however. You can consult your bank or dealership to get an idea for what to expect in those areas. The above list represents the most significant factors, as well as some tips on how you can keep your monthly payments lower. Do all your homework and research before signing a lease, and enjoy your new car purchase!

You might also be interested in these guides:

What’s The Difference Between Leasing And Financing A Car?
How to Get Financing When You Have No/Bad Credit
How to Get Cheaper Insurance Rates
How to Get Get Out of a Car Lease Early in Ontario